The Treaty of Versailles (ended WW I)

When World War I ended on November 11, 1918, the Allied leaders were giving out speeches, wanting to punish the enemy and dividing the spoils of the war. Due to this, a formal agreement to end the war was made and was called "the Treaty of Versailles." The Treaty of Versailles was either a treaty of peace or a vengeance for the Germans.

When the treaty was first introduced to the Germans, they declined to sign it. It forced the Germans to accept full responsibility for the war and strip themselves of its colonies, coal fields, and the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. It also made them pay reparations to the Allies.

However, on June 28, 1919, the Germans unwillingly signed the treaty because the Allies didn't want to change the treaty. The terms of the Treaty of Versailles helped set the stage for another world war less than 20 years later because the Allied wanted to stop Germany from ever becoming imperialistic again and still have them pay the war reparations. Germany was desperate to find a new leader to get out of their depression, that leader was no other than Adolf Hitler.

I personally think that the treaty was just, because Germany did cause the outbreak of the war by invading Belgium to try to reach France.

Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) and the Modernization of Turkey

Mustafa Kemal, was known as a Turkish army officer and founder of the Republic of Turkey as well as the first president of Turkey (President for 15 Years). Mustafa tried to copy Europe and reform their system. One of his ways is by changing the way Muslims dress with their long dress-like shirts and replace it with regular shirts, pants and hats. He was able to ban the Turkish people from wearing the fez on their head.

Secular- Separation of state and religion. Mustafa made up the Six Arrows to help Turkey become more modern. Secularism is part of the fundamental plan, the other five are Republicanism, Populism, Reformism, Nationalism and Statism. Mustafa changed Turkey to a republican country, he gave more rights to certain people and taught the Turkish people to look over their difference of class because they were all part of the one country, he wanted to unify Turkey. He westernized Turkey and stressed that they shouldn't make other nations feel inferior to them. They should have cordinal relationships with one another. He wanted to make technological advances so that the country wouldn't fall back, the economy with the help of education would strengthen Turkey's power.

He made other postive reforms such as giving women the right to vote. Before he came to be president the Turkish people did not take education seriously has they should and he wanted to change that. He cared about his country's education, so he made every grade up to university free.

Mustafa Kemal was a military hero and a great leader. He used his power in a positive unlike most leaders. He wanted to bring a new life to the Turkish people. Throughout his presidency, the turkish people were loyal to him and even gave a second last name Ataturk which meant "Father of the Turks. Even generations later Mustafa Kemal is one of the most honored icons in Turkey.

Film Lesson - "Gandhi"

Mohandas Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi) was known as the main figure of India because of his civil disobedience against the British Empire. In the film, Gandhi wanted to free India from the British Empire by gathering both Muslims and Hindus to fight back against them using civil disobedience. While Gandhi's attempt to fight back against the British, he was imprisoned four times. The British Empire tried arresting Gandhi because they didn't want Gandhi to gain more power. Visiting different parts of India and giving out his famous speeches Gandhi encouraged Indians to boycott British goods and buy Indian goods instead. Int he beginning of the movie Gandhi started burned their documents from the British Empire. The soldiers ran up to Gandhi to try to stop him, he didn't obey them and the soldiers started to beat him up.

In the film Indians wanted to help Gandhi in anyway possible, the Indians started using violence against the British and Gandhi disliked that. Hes plan to try to make the Indians people stop was by fasting and prefer to kill himself instead of people using violence. He would get ill and do this for numerous amount of times. Although he got India to be independent, he wasn't really satisfied because he wanted Muslims and Hindus to be together in India. Due to this, he was murdered because some people didn't want both Muslims and Hindus together. He accomplished a big thing and was brave and strong for standing up to the British for a long period of time.

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